Dosage form

 Dosage Forms:

- Dosage forms are the carrier through which drug

molecules are delivered to sites of action within the

body.

- Every dosage forms is a combination of the drug and

different kinds of non–drug components called as

Excipients or additives.

- The additives are used to give a particular shape to

the formulation, to increase stability, palatability &

more elegance to preparations.

TYPES OF DOSAGE FORM

1. Solid dosage forms           

2. Liquid dosage forms

3. Semi-solid dosage forms

1. Solid dosage forms 

Tablets:

1. These are solid unit dosage forms of medicaments

intended for oral administration which are prepared by

molding or by compression with or without excipient

2. The tablets can be prepared by two methods namely as a

I) Dry granulation, II) Wet Granulation

Capsule:

1. Capsules are solid unit dosage forms in which one or more

medicaments enclosed within a gelatin shell.

2. Capsules mainly divided into two parts namely as –

Body (the Longest part of capsule shell), Cap (Smallest part of

capsule shell)

1. The capsule is generally prepared by gelatin.

2. Depending on their formulation, two types of gelatin are

used namely as – I) Hard gelatin, II) Soft gelatin.

Pills:

1. These are small, rounded solid dosage forms containing

medicaments intended for oral use.

2. The medicaments are mixed with excipients to forms a

firm's plastic mass.

3. The mass is rolled to uniform pill pipe, which cut into

number of uniform pills. The pills are spherical in shape &

produced by rolling them under wooden pill rounder.

4. Sometimes pills are coated with varnish, gold leaf, etc to

improve the finish, unpleasant taste & stability.

5. Nowadays pills are outdated preparations because of

the number of disadvantages such as -

Powder :

There are two kinds of powder intended for internal use.

1-Bulk Powders: are multidose preparations consisting of

solid, loose, dry particles of varying degrees of fineness.

They contain one or more active ingredients, with or

without excipients and, if necessary, coloring matter and

flavoring substances.

- e.g. antacids since the patient measure a dose by volume

using a 5ml medicine spoon. The powder is then usually

dispersed in water or, in the case of effervescent powders,

dissolved before taking.

2-Divided Powders: are single-dose presentations of

powder (for example, a small sachet) that are intended to

be issued to the patient as such, to be taken in or with

water.

2. Liquid dosage forms

Syrup:

1. It is a concentrated or saturated solutions of sucrose in

purified water.

2. The concentration of sucrose is 66.7% w/w & due to

that it is a viscous preparations.

3. The syrup which contains medical substance called as a

medicated syrup & those containing aromatic or

flavored substance known as a flavored syrup.

Drops:

1. These are liquid preparations meant for oral

administration.

2. The oil soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A & D

concentrates in fish – liver oil are presented as drops for

administration.

3. Since these preparations contain potent medicaments,

the dose must be measured accurately

4. The following two methods are commonly used for this

purpose.

5. Use of a dropper which is accurately graduated in

fractions of a milliliters.

6. Use of a pre – calibrated dropper.

Oral Dosage Forms: CONTD…

1- Inhaler :

 Inhalers are solutions, suspensions or emulsion of drugs

in a mixture of inert propellants held under pressure in an

aerosol dispenser.

 Release of a dose of the medicament in the form of

droplets of 50 um diameter or less from the container.

 In some types, the valve is actuated by finger pressure, in

other types the valve is actuated by the patient breathing

in through the mouthpiece.

 It is commonly used to treat asthma and other respiratory

problems.